Small or Medium-Sized Enterprise (SME) Essay - 1817 Words

BACKGROUND Small or medium-sized enterprise (SME), of which definition varies in different countries and different economic development levels, normally is known as relatively small business unit in terms of employees, capital and operations scale in compared with large enterprises in the same industry. In spite of the diversity of its definition, SME plays a crucial role in almost every economy, tremendously contributes to economic development, job creation, and social stability. According to Popa (2012), it becomes a common place to speak of SMEs as an engine of economic growth for any European Union country. Actually, the saying is not only limited with European Union country, but also works in almost every country, the data from the†¦show more content†¦Financing difficulties has become a common saying of SMEs. The bottle neck of the development of SMEs can easily lead to the instability of the main structure of the economy. Therefore, the financing sources for SMEs and the difficulties they face becomes an internationally concern ranging from developing and developed economies that draws close attention from researchers and policy makers around the globe, numerous studies have been conducted in research areas, and a variety of policies supporting financing measures for SMEs have been taken in different countries. TYPES OF FINANCING Currently the main financing sources for SME are bank loans, share holder capital increasing, shareholding transferring, listing in SMEs market, leasing and individual debt. Besides the commonly known financing sources, the one-line financing is a newly-born micro financing type that works in an online platform, on which studies hardly have been conducted. The modern on-line financing borrowers and lenders seek and match each other through the internet platform, which differs from the traditional meaning that financial institutions launches finance through internet, such as stock. The borrowers publish its projects on the intermediary website platform, which have been audited by the intermediate platform, the money savers (lenders) search the appropriate project to invest, all of the business transactions happen on-line. Many money savers are attracted by the tempting high interestShow MoreRelatedIntroduction Of A Small Medium Sized Enterprise ( Sme )1900 Words   |  8 PagesAvailable Sources For SMEs Introduction It is well known that the economic base decides the superstructure. As an essential part of economy which contributes to the growth of industry as well as creates jobs for citizens, small to medium sized enterprise(SME) plays an irreplaceable role in both developed and developing countries(Angela,2011). Although SME has its own important value, not every enterprise can improve its business and be profitable. There is a need for SME to develop a funding strategyRead MoreEconomic Development And Development Of Small And Medium Sized Enterprises ( Smes )2194 Words   |  9 Pageswhere countries compete extensively, shaping the market towards dynamism, the government began to realise and acknowledge the vital existence of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) to maintain a healthy dynamic market economy. In 1911, Joseph Schumpeter, an influential economist, published In the Theory of Economic Development and highlighted that small entrepreneurial firms act as the seedbed of innovati on and technology discovery, however in Capitalism, Socailism and Democracy, published byRead MoreSmall and Medium Sized Scale Enterprise (SMEs) Finance Sources and Difficulties1935 Words   |  8 Pages1.Introduction Small and medium sized scale enterprise ( SMEs ) occupies the crucial position among the worldwide economic activities, particularly in developing country, whose flourish has already became a sign of the rapid development of economy. However, more than half SMEs face the severe challenges of surviving. Among all the possible threats during business activities, inadequate access to capital is the most important factor to determine the enterprise’s destiny (CCH, Australia, 2013). EvenRead MoreFlexible Working1445 Words   |  6 PagesModule Code: FC512 Class/Group: Group 3 Module Title: Skills for Study Assessment Title: Report Assignment Title: Analysing the feasibility of SMEs in the UK introducing flexibile working arrangements. Tutor Name: Debora Brito Student ID Number: 2253710 Date of Submission: Monday 9th May 2016 before 2 pm Content Read MoreChallenges of Small and Medium Enterprises in Kenya1728 Words   |  7 PagesSMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES SME stands for small and medium-sized enterprises – as defined in EU law: The main factors determining whether a company is an SME are: 1. Number of employees, and 2. Either turnover or balance sheet total | |Employees |Turnover |or |Balance sheet total | |Company  category | | | | | |Medium-sized | 250 Read MoreImpact Of Small And Medium Sized Businesses On Jobs And The Economy1602 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: SMEs​ 1 The Impact of Small and Medium Sized Businesses on Jobs and the Economy Name: Institution: Outline 1. Introduction Introduces the discussion and gives a thesis statement 2. Discussion Explores the contribution of SMEs to the economy, gives detailed statistics from various academic sources. It also offers an explanation of the impact of the 2008 financial crisis to the SMEs contribution to the economy in regards to employment 3. Conclusion Wraps up theRead MoreSme Sectors Benefits to the Economy1713 Words   |  7 PagesThe SME sector is said to make a significant contribution to employment; evaluate this claim by drawing on the literature, and discuss what other contributions are made to the economy by the SME sector. Gov website says that for the purposes of SME 2006 statistics an SME is defined as any business that has less than 250 employees. SME: small and medium-sized enterprises are defined by the European Commission as independent enterprises that have fewer than 250 employees, and an annual turnover notRead MoreReview Of Government Spending On Target Market985 Words   |  4 Pages1.1.1. Government Spending on Target Market According to the Government spending with small and medium-sized enterprises report (referenced below) by House of Commons Committee of Public Accounts, the United Kingdom government is putting conscious efforts to make the public-sector marketplace more accessible for SME’s. Government spending with small and medium-sized enterprises by House of Commons Committee of Public Accounts on 18 May 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2017 from https://publications.parliamentRead MoreBusiness Management : The Financial Manager Essay1277 Words   |  6 Pagesreturn to the enterprise owner(s). 3) Dividend Policy: The financial manager is responsible for deciding the dividend policy of the enterprise. In a small scale enterprise, the responsibility of the financial manager would include that of determining how to allocate the profit from the to the various owner. 4) Working Capital Management: It is especially around the management of cash, debtor, prepayments, stocks, creditors, short term loans, accruals, etc to make sure that enterprise maximizes theRead MoreRole Of Coaching And A Medium Sized Enterprises ( Smes )862 Words   |  4 Pages1.1 Background Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are influential in sustaining strong economic growth of many countries around the world (Craig et al., 2004, Jasra et al., 2011, Ates et al., 2013). Unfortunately, most SMEs have a problem of time and financial investment into HRD (Samra, 2010). Coaching is one of the HRD fields that is among the most widely used interventions for improving learning process as a key element in the success of individuals and organisations (Ellinger et al.,

Workplace Violence Essay - 1030 Words

Workplace Violence Workplace violence is a phenomenon that is now widely recognized as a social problem, which impacts all organizations. According to Department of Justice statistics for 1995, 21% of all violent crime occurred while the victim was either at work or traveling to or from work. Workplace Violence accounted for more than two (2) million violent Crimes annually from 1992-1997 (Kaufer 1-2). In this research paper I will provide an overview of workplace violence and furnish Examples of the effect and costs, as it affect the workplace. Workplace violence can be devastating to business and present emotional impact on the employees involved (Ecis, 1). Incidents of workplace violence were virtually†¦show more content†¦Times are changing and the workplace is just not as safe as we once thought. What used to be rare occurrences has now become not only more commonplace but has been even falling into the rare category of significant life issues that people almost take for granted. No company is immune to workplace violence (Mantell 18-20). Violence involving work associates Employee’s violence has increased significantly over the past decade. For example, say the workplace violence and most people think of a rampage shooting like the one in the City of Los Angeles building, where Willi Wood opened fire with a Glock semi-automatic pistol, killing four managers, or maybe they will think of Bruce Clark, a 22 year old U.S. Postal Service veteran who shot and killed his supervisors at a mail processing facility in another Southern California city. What about the classic loner James Davis, who killed three and injured four at a manufacturing plant in North Carolina? (Klein, 5-8). What causes workplace violence? While each situation varies, violence often results from stress, either on or pushed over the edge. In recent years employees have been faced with foreign competition, mergers and acquisitions and the break-up of the nuclear family. The resulting uncertainty can lead to a fierce control, which combined with job termination or the fear of being fired. Anger is often directed at managers and supervisors involved in the termination of theShow MoreRelatedWorkplace Violence And The Workplace2844 Words   |  12 PagesWorkplace Violence statics across the United States of America have been on a steady rise each year since the early 1990’s. Reports have consistently shown in recent years that than an average of 500 homicides and 1.5 million assaults occur each year in America, in the workplace. With those types of statics on the rise in America it’s clear that a Workplace Violence Program is essential to the health, welfare, safety, and security of our employees in the work place. When enacting a Workplace ViolenceRead MoreWorkplace Violence And The Workplace1145 Words   |  5 PagesWorkplace violence definition OSHA Fact Sheet (2012) states â€Å" workplace violence is a violence or the threat of violence against workers† (p.1). Workplace violence causes serious harm to employees or homicide that can lead to deaths. Act in any kind of shapes and forms such as: physical threat, threatening behavior, intention of assault and battery, verbal abuse, beating, stabbing, rape, shooting, being followed, psychological trauma, suicide, treat or obscene phone call/text, intimidation. WorkplaceRead MoreWorkplace Violence1735 Words   |  7 PagesWorkplace violence is present in every nook and cranny of corporate America, affecting millions of Americans every year. Workplace violence is defined by the Occupational Safety Health Administration, OSHA, as any act or threat of physical violence, harassment, intimidation, or other threatening disruptive behavior that occurs at the work site. It ranges from threats and verbal abuse to physical assaults and even homicide. In 2011, there were over 2 two million reports and claims of workplaceRead MoreWorkplace Violence And The Workplace1396 Words   |  6 PagesWorkplace violence Workplace violence can be any act of physical violence, threats of physical violence, harassment, intimidation, or other threatening, disruptive behavior that occurs at the work site. Workplace violence can affect or involve employees, visitors, contractors, and other non-Federal employees. A number of different actions in the work environment can trigger or cause workplace violence. It may even be the result of non-work-related situations such as domestic violence or â€Å"road rageRead MoreWorkplace Violence In The Workplace1071 Words   |  5 Pages INTRODUCTION: Violence in the workplace has become a major safety and health issue. Workplace violence is not limited to homicide. This type of violence includes behaviors and circumstances that threaten an employee s physical safety; such as: verbal threats, sexual or physical harassment, coercion, behavior changes, intimidation, stalking, telephone/email harassment, and history of aggression. â€Å"Workplace violence incidents have tripled in the last decade, and it is now the fastest-growing categoryRead MoreWorkplace Violence10377 Words   |  42 PagesUNLV Theses/Dissertations/Professional Papers/Capstones 5-1-2002 Workplace violence: A case study Robert F. White University of Nevada, Las Vegas Repository Citation White, Robert F., Workplace violence: A case study (2002). UNLV Theses/Dissertations/Professional Papers/Capstones. Paper 522. http://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/522 This Capstone is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Scholarship@UNLV. It has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Theses/Read MoreWorkplace Violence And Its Effects On The Workplace834 Words   |  4 Pagesspecialists, medical attendants and assistants who manage psychiatric patients; individuals from crisis restorative reaction groups; and doctor s facility workers working in confirmations, crisis rooms, and emergency or intense consideration unit. This is violence committed by an aggressor who either gets administrations from or is under the custodial supervision of the influenced work environment or the casualty. The aggressors can be present or previous clients or customers, for example, travelers, patientsRead MoreWorkplace Violence2432 Words   |  10 PagesWORKPLACE VIOLENCE: A FORCE OF OVERALL CONCERN Adell Newman-Lee Criminology-CJ102-D04 December 3, 2003 THESIS: WORKPLACE AS IT RELATES TO CRIMINAL JUSTICE I INTRODUCTION: †¢ Crime and violence †¢ Workplace violence a major concern †¢ The three entities involved II STATISTICS †¢ The Bureau of Justice Statistics †¢ Statistics from 1992 to 1996 †¢ National Crime Victimization Survey and The Bureau of Labor Statistic III WORKPLACE VIOLENCE A LAW ENFORCEMENT ISSUE †¢ Responsibility of Law EnforcementRead MoreEssay on Workplace Violence620 Words   |  3 PagesWorkplace Violence Workplace violence can be defined as any action that can threaten the safety of an employee, impact the employees psychological or physical well being, or cause damage to a companys property. Workplace violence is not often talked about, but it does kill people. In the last decade it has become one of the leading causes of deaths in the workplace. The UniversityRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Violence On The Workplace1235 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Violence in the workplace has been around for centuries. Everything from verbal abuse and harassments to physical abuse and murders have been known to happen in a business. During the 1980’s several violent attacks happened in the Postal Service, public awareness of workplace violence began in August of 1986 when a postal employee shot and killed fourteen people before killing himself. Prior to these killings, violence in the workplace was only referred to as getting injured on the

Brand Communities Embedded in Social Networks †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Brand Communities Embedded in Social Networks. Answer: Introduction: The use of social media is exploding, with customers adopting social media platforms rapidly[1]; however, the adoption of social media as a significant component of CRM is still lagging[2] or not fully implemented yet it has numerous benefits[3]. Social media platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, Instagram, as well as blogs form complex and extensive networks of users who self-organize themselves into communities and groups. Users also join some of these communities and groups organized around lifestyles, restaurants, products, geographic locations, or politics[4]. Whether or not High Service Inc. participates, customers will always interact on social media; High Service Inc. can therefore, leverage social media use and growth to increase and enhance their customer engagement, directly respond to customer issues, measure social media activity, and gauge how customers perceive their brand [5] Description of the Project and its Objectives With a competitive business environment and the emergence of social media as a significant factor in online opportunities for marketing, sales, and better customer service, High Service Inc. is in the process of implementing a Social CRM program, within the larger company-wide CRM program that will incorporate social media and be available for use by the companys staff (that total 100000) distributed across the globe. The CRM is aimed at improving the customer experience and leverage its inherent benefits in the following areas; The project will, working with the Marketing Manager, propose the business case as well as determine requirements for the system. Working with a consultant, a list of vendors will be developed and a new system with between 3 and 5 solutions will be trialed and the most suitable one procured and integrated into the existing High Service Inc. architecture. The necessary social media (blogs, Instagram, Facebook, Linked In, and twitter) APIs will be procured. The new system processes will be trialed in conjunction with the department of marketing and after being satisfied, be implemented across the enterprise. The implementation will entail user training and support and analytics and metrics established to measure its impact and effectiveness. The project will be implemented following the agile development approach so as to minimize errors and have the project operational within the stipulated time period, with a greater focus placed on people rather than just the process[6]. Roles and Responsibilities Person/ Group Title Role Steering committee Consisting of ten senior executives, including Natalie Their main role is to oversee the entire program. They also ensure accountability with respect to sponsorship and participation. They demonstrate executive commitment to the program/ project in the long term, handle strategy and evolution, and adoption of proposed solutions[7] Natalie, the VP Operations Program sponsor Has the highest level responsibility for ensuring the project succeeds and will make the major decisions and calls on how the entire CRM project will be run. The executive sponsor has the final role in making key decisions in how a business or major program is run[8] Ito Program Manager Will manage different/ multiple projects within the entire CRMM project, of which the social media CRM is just but one of them. In a major program, the program manager runs multiple projects within the program[9] Ben, the Company CIO Project Sponsor Will handle the highest responsibility for decision making within the social media CRM project. Also responsible for coordinating withy other departments such as sales, finance, marketing, and procurement as well as hiring the members of the project team and the project manager [Author] Project manager The management of the project team, ensuring project is undertaken as required and deliverables for the social CRM project are achieved. A project manager is responsible for managing the entire team responsible for undertaking and fulfilling the project and the achievement of the project deliverables[10]. George Marketing manager Responsible for helping the project manager and project team in proposing the social media CRM business case and determining the requirements of the system External Consultant Consultant Helping the project team choose the vendors Marketing department Marketing department Help with testing of the new system and giving feedback during trial tests Other departments Sales, Marketing, Finance Help in determining user requirements and giving feedback during testing HR Department HR Help with hiring members of the project team, both internally and externally; the HR will place adverts for specific job roles, in conjunction with Ben and the project manager Stakeholder register This is the document used for managing the project that contains information concerning all the stakeholders within the project. The stakeholders refer to persons, entities, or groups or even organizations that can be affected, have an interest, or be impacted by the project, its outcome, whether this is directly or indirectly[11]. The stakeholder register is as follows; Stakeholder Register Project Name High Service Inc. Customer Relationship Management Project Charter Project Manager [Author] Objective of the Project To source, select, test, and implement a social media CRM Project Sponsor Ben Prepared By [Author] Date Prepared Submitted To Natalie, Stakeholder Steering Committee ID Name Organization Role Title Type of Communication vehicle for Communication Stake Influence Project Perspective Comments 1 Natalie VP Operations, High Service Inc. Program Sponsor Overall program coordinator Reporting to Steering Committee E-mail Has very high interest since the success of the entire CRM program depends to a significant level on how successful the social media CRM is High High Program sponsor Internal status meeting Verbal/ meetings 2 Ito High Service Executive Program Manager Overall project management Reporting to Steering Committee E-mail Has a high stake since is responsible for managing the entire program High High Manager Internal status meeting 3 Ben CIO Project Sponsor Decision making on hiring, staffing Internal status meeting E-mail Very high Very high Very high Hiring entire social media CRM team Direct Communication Verbal/ meetings 4 [Author] Social Media CRM project Project manager Managing project team Reporting to project Sponsor Very high Very high Very high Critical for project success Fulfilling project objectives Reporting to Steering Committee Reporting Internal status meeting E-mail Ensuring deliverables met Verbal/ meetings Testing and training 5 George Marketing Manager Decision making on needs in business case development Assisting in business case development Internal status meeting Verbal/ meetings High High High Critical in ensuring project approval E-mail 6 External Consultant External Selecting vendors Consultant External Official Communication E-mail High Medium Medium Consulting to choose vendors Status meetings E-mail/ verbal Reporting to team E-mail 7 Project team Social Media CRM team Delivery team Team Internal status meeting Verbal/ meetings Very High High Very High Project delivery E-mail 8 Steering Committee High Service Executive team Steering Steering Committee verbal Very High High very High Ensuring commitment and adoption Verbal meetings E-mail 9 HR Department High Service HR Hiring HR Department Internal status meeting E-mail High Very High Very high Hiring requisite staff for project team memos Verbal 10 Other Departments High Service Finance Supporting project team Departments Internal status meeting High Medium High Supporting decision making High service Marketing Memos E-mail High Service procurement 11 Customers The public Customers (existing and potential) Social media Social media High Low Medium 12 High Service Staff High Service Employees Using the system Staff of High Service Inc. Official Communication E-mail High Medium-Low High Future Users 13 Software/ system vendors Sellers of social media CRM software Providing solution Vendors External E-mail Very High High High Solution providers Verbal Stakeholder management Strategy This project has a variety of people, and the success of the social media CRM project and the entire CRM program of High Service Inc. depends significantly or wholly on the people involved in this project, namely the stakeholders listed above. The project manager must determine the stakeholders and the areas of the project they influence, and their level of influence. The commitment of the stakeholders to the project must be obtained and assured for the project to be successful; the stakeholders must buy in to the project[12]. Effective stakeholder management for a project requires certain soft skills as well as leadership sills to harness all the resources the stakeholders hold and keep them happy and involved. The basic framework for managing stakeholders is based on the balance of People-Process-technology. First of all, as the stakeholder registers shows, the stakeholders must be identified, along with their roles and titles[13]. After identifying the people, their level of impac t in the project is determined with regard to the stake they hold in the project as well as their influence and perspectives on the project. After this, a defined method must be determined on how they will be communicated with. The processes within the project, such as reporting and communication must be well defined, especially where technology is involved, such as using video conferencing, given that some team members will be remotely based and can only participate in the project through the web. The processes of how they communicate, make contributions, and attend meetings will be clearly defined, along with the applicable process technologies. Further, the project manager will ensure that the relevant stakeholders are trained in the processes and their attendant technologies. The stakeholders expectations will be determined and used as the basis for undertaking the projects; the expectations contribute significantly to determining the requirements for the project. This is premis ed on the principle that everything that is done (or not done) creates some form of expectation. The strategy will entail; Identifying stakeholders I the project, and having their expectations reviewed as well as analyzing their levels of interest and influence Devloping an effective communication strategy with the preferred communication methods and a defined schedule Reforming change/ risk impact analysis where a method for resolving conflicts is developed while also identifying adversaries and advocates for the social media CRM project Executing the project plans and evaluating success by engaging the stakeholders proactively and gaining feedback; the approach can be refined as feedback is obtained[14] Statement of the Project Scope The social media CRM project has the following scope; Selecting vendors and evaluating several solutions (between 3 and 5) and trying them out Establishing a robust social media presence in Facebook, twitter, LinkedIn, YouTube and Instagram Developing standard processes for the maintenance and updating of social media sites Developing a use policy that is acceptable and in line with organizational regulations for employees involved in the social media CRM Integration of accounts so that content can be leveraged across channels Developing and implementing a strategy to acquire customers/ fans and having a means for metrics and measurement Executing a plan that can be maintained and scaled, focusing on attaining specific benefits of better customer satisfaction and retention, customer service, and increased sales and revenues as well as a better brand presence and perception by the customers The project will be done in phases, starting with establishing the teams and stakeholders, followed by identifying and trying solutions than making changes based on feedback, and finally, a system wide implementation and training of the users[15]. Bibliography Baker, Ernest. "Planning Effective Stakeholder Management Strategies". Pmi.Org, 2012. https://www.pmi.org/learning/library/planning-effective-stakeholder-management-strategies-development-6058. Bridges, Jennifer. "Difference Between Program And Project Managers".Projectmanager.Com, https://www.projectmanager.com/training/the-difference-between-a-program-manager-and-a-project-manager. Chinyio, Ezekiel. Construction Stakeholder Management. 2nd ed. Chichester, West Sussex, U.K: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. Conboy, Kieran, Sharon Coyle, Xiaofeng Wang, and Minna Pikkarainen. "People Over Process: Key Challenges In Agile Development". IEEE Software 28, no. 4 (2011): 48-57. doi:10.1109/ms.2010.132. 'Crestwood Associates'. "The Importance Of Executive Sponsorship For ERP/CRM Deployments - CRM Software Blog | Dynamics 365". CRM Software Blog | Dynamics 365, 2010. https://www.crmsoftwareblog.com/2010/03/the-importance-of-executive-sponsorship-for-erpcrm-deployments/. DeMers, Jason. "7 Reasons You Need To Be Using Social Media As Your Customer Service Portal". Forbes.Com, 2014. https://www.forbes.com/sites/jaysondemers/2014/08/12/7-reasons-you-need-to-be-using-social-media-as-your-customer-service-portal/. Malthouse, Edward C., Michael Haenlein, Bernd Skiera, Egbert Wege, and Michael Zhang. "Managing Customer Relationships In The Social Media Era: Introducing The Social CRM House". Journal Of Interactive Marketing 27, no. 4 (2013): 270-280. doi:10.1016/j.intmar.2013.09.008. Moustafaev, Jamal. Project Scope Management: A Practical Guide To Requirements For Engineering, Product, Engineering, IT And Enterprise Projects. 1st ed. Boca Raton: Taylor Francis, 2014. O'Loughlin, Eileen. "How To Manage And Engage Project Stakeholders". Software Advice, https://www.softwareadvice.com/resources/project-stakeholder-management/. Quinton, Sarah. "The Digital Era Requires New Knowledge To Develop Relevant CRM Strategy: A Cry For Adopting Social Media Research Methods To Elicit This New Knowledge". Journal Of Strategic Marketing 21, no. 5 (2013): 402-412. doi:10.1080/0965254x.2013.801611. Rymes, Andrew. "ERP CRM: Why You Still Need A Steering Committee After Go-Live". Catapult ERP, 2014. https://www.catapulterp.com/why-you-need-post-go-live-steering-committee/. Usmani, Fahad. "Stakeholder Register In Project Management". PM Study Circle - A PMP Exam Preparation Blog, 2015. https://pmstudycircle.com/2012/06/stakeholder-register-project-management/. Wang, Xin, Riley Dugan, and Jane Sojka. "CRM Systems With Social Networking Capabilities: The Value Of Incorporating A CRM 2.0 System In Sales/Marketing Education". Marketing Education Review 23, no. 3 (2013): 241-250. doi:10.2753/mer1052-8008230303. Zaglia, Melanie E. "Brand Communities Embedded In Social Networks". Journal Of Business Research 66, no. 2 (2013): 216-223. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2012.07.015.

One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest - Compilation free essay sample

20th Century History of the Treatment of Mental Illness: A Review This article describes the development and advances in psychiatry over the twentieth century, which informs a study of One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest by providing a context for the films portrayal of the mental hospital, patients, staff and procedures. Palmer notes that early on, mental illness was considered an incurable disease of personal failing or spirituality. Now, mental illness is thought to be caused by chemical imbalances in the brain. Asylums were created with the intention of removing lunatics from the community for recovery. The article also discusses various experimental treatments, noting that the lobotomy procedure became very popular for its ability to tranquilize patients although it more or less deprived them of their social skills and judgment. This background informs Cuckoos Nests depiction of the surgery which correspondingly destroys McMurphys individuality and signals his demise. We will write a custom essay sample on One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest Compilation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Forman presents the procedure as potent and fear-inspiring; its critical role in the plot is shaped by the historical and cultural factors that colored the publics perception of lobotomies during that time period. During the 1960s and 1970s-during which Keseys novel was published and the film adaptation was created-the antipsychiatry movement gained momentum. Researchers, writers and protestors contended that mental illness had roots in social, political and legal areas; many believed such illness was purely a social contract. This historical portrait provides insight into the portrayal of disease in McMurphy and the other patients, whose disabilities are influenced by multiple vectors of societal pressures, such as threat of emasculation and defiance of conformity. This analysis of mental illness clearly reflects the time period in which in was created, approaching it from social causes rather than solely organic causes. In addition to shedding light on the cultural factors that shape the depiction of mental illness in Cuckoos Nest, this article utilizes the film as an illustration of those social forces and their affect on public perception of mental illness and psychiatric practices. Palmer notes that the release of Cuckoos Nest gave the public an awareness of the horrors of electroconvulsive therapy and increased negative perception of it. The article contends, therefore, that the film is not only a reflection of a social and historical time period but a factor in shaping those cultural forces. This article demonstrates how a film serves multiple purposes in society, public opinion and directing it. From this perspective, Cuckoos Nest holds a very influential position in American culture and its weight should be factored into any analysis of the films role and reception. Formans Cuckoos Nest, Its Composition and Symbolism Jan Bialostickis treatment of One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest is a detailed exploration of allegorical composition, which provides valuable insight to the construction and significance of the film. Through close analysis of a few scenes, Bialosticki demonstrates how Forman effectively achieves a balance of symbolism and narrative; where ideas prevail, he argues, the film becomes artificial. Cuckoos Nest, though, allows representations of reality and characterizations to triumph, which gives allegory a human shape. Bialosticki explicates the scene in which the patients temporarily escape the hospital and commandeer a boat into the full of light, wide, almost boundless sea to illustrate the impossibility of escaping ones own psyche. A false sense of freedom as the ship passes through the narrow harbor into the open water is truncated by a transformation into a ship of fools that is headed nowhere, inhibited and powerless against the sea that turns it around. Bialostocki proposes that Formans is a chief example ofan artists exploration of the basic necessities governing social life, which often pan out in communities separated from anything around them, as the world of mad people is a metaphor for the human world in general. Through this construction, he explores the reciprocal dependence of group members, the need for and complications of participation in group life and the double-edged sword of loyalty and faithfulness. An important question addressed by the article is whether McMurphys death represents his defeat of the defeat of the system with which he clashes. Formans sympathy, Bialostocki argues, lies with the individuals; he is unfriendly to the system in which the social life of the group is stifled. The filmmaker achieves this through a contrast between the abnormal world, full of expression, and the normal world, passionless, ruthless and unable to understand the essence and variety of the individual. This article is therefore of great relevance to a study of portrayal of mental health in cinema; Cuckoos Nest is more than a critique on care, but a commentary on human society as a whole. Literature and Film In analyzing the relationship between literature and film, Sarris argues that they are often viewed as competitive versions of the same basic anecdotal material. With inevitable divergences between the literary source and the filmed reflection, Sarris contends that the onus would be placed on the filmmaker for insensitivity and infidelity to a superior art form. This article provides a comprehensive background to the deep-seeded antagonism between literature and film, tracing the roots back to early cinematic examples when a critical tension was established from the very beginning between the a priori visual aspect of film and the a posterior literary uses to which this visual aspect addressed itself. At best, Sarris says, film translates surfaces into essences and at worst, it gobbles up the dull surface of reality like a vacuum cleaner, and with as much meaningful selection of detail. He contends that film can enhance subject matter, but also runs the risk of absorbing it literally and unimaginatively. Cinema is unique even when it is not trying to be unique, and, the argument continues, its uniqueness resides in its essence rather than in its existence. Until recently, though, Sarris notes, the flow of novels into films was one way, a path from the older forms to the newest. The idea that a film can improve upon a novel is still relatively heretical. This treatise on the relationship between literature and film was published in between the One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest publication and the movies release. Since it describes the theoretical and practical conventions of the time period, it provides a timely ground for study of Cuckoos Nests adaptation process. The article provides a comprehensive theoretical context and Sarris discussion of traditional tension among authors and filmmakers particularly informs a study of this work because of Keseys anger that so much of his original work was altered for the cinematic version. The differences between novel and film are a key component in any study of the movie because significant portions were cut are altered. That attests to the fact that adaptation is informed by many interests and needs, such as making a film that appeals more widely than would a book, since a movie is a much higher-cost investment. Accumulating positive public opinion often requires simplifying complex narrative threads and rhetorical techniques or toning down upsetting subject matter-both of which occurred during Cuckoos Nests adaptation. Furthermore, a case study of the movie speaks to Sarris argument about the inherent differences between the two mediums; what can be captured in text may not lend itself to a visual, temporal depiction. Keseys well-known opposition to his novels makeover reflects the critical tension that constitutes this articles argument, which is why the piece is a valuable tool for analyzing the adaptation process in a study of Cuckoos Nest. Lobotomy: Surgery for the Insane A defining and tragic moment of One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest is the lobotomy performed on McMurphy that leaves him a mere shadow of his former vivacious, rebellious self; his death symbolizes his inability to survive without those central qualities. This Stanford Law Review article was published in 1949, at the beginning of the surgerys popularity in treating the mentally ill. It provides insight into the procedure and the medical and cultural contexts that informed the novel and script, as well as influenced the characters thoughts and actions. The articles warning that unfortunate use of these prefrontal lobotomies can so disintegrate a patients personality as to leave a mere ‘human vegetable' accurately foreshadows McMurphys fate, which harnesses medical knowledge for symbolic representation. The study outlines the predicted results of such a procedure, which include a profound alteration of the patients personality and a lack of initiative goals Nurse Ratched aims for in order to punish McMurphy for his antics and, less overtly, for the threatening command he has over the patients. This studys plentiful warnings about the negative outcomes of the surgery, even though it was printed at the height of use and believed potential, provide a lot of nsight into Nurse Ratcheds character and the overall attitudes of the mental hospital. The fact that they so willingly perform this procedure, well aware of its effects, show that they are truly intimidated by McMurphy and prepared to go to extremes to terminate his influence. The article, therefore, provides a highly informative medical and cultural context for the plot of Cuckoos Nest by revealing public and professional attitudes to the surgery that signals the protagonists demise. At the same time, it projects those attitudes on screen, simultaneously informing public opinion. One Flew Over the Psychiatric Unit: Mental Illness and the Media This article examines the way mental illness is portrayed in public life, focusing on film representation and newspaper reporting, the nature of the audience and the concept of myth. Media representations can significantly affect public images of people who experience mental health problems, particularly when media paints them as dangerous or violent. The article points to One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest as a well-known representation of madness and cites a study of college students who had considerable negative changes in attitude after watching the film, but no changes after watching a television documentary, which illustrates its influence. The article also addresses the relationship between film representation and newspaper reporting of mental illness, which both communicate societal values via symbolic forms. Crossover between fiction and reality demonstrates societys obsession with the individual. The article also argues that the notion that film representation and newspaper reporting of mental illness are solely responsible for the formulation of public opinion is a myth; the audience plays an active role in creating meanings based on previous interactions with the media and other life experience. Finally, the article discusses current government efforts to build health promotion into national mental health policy and tackle stigmatization through working with producers of newspapers and films. In taking these steps, the article argues that it is important to recognize the ways in which real stories relating to mental illness coincide with fictional depictions and to come to understand the nature of audience consumption of representation. This article is relevant to One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest because it discusses the role of media in shaping public opinion of mental illness. Many bodies of research on the film contend that its powerful negative portrayal of psychiatric institutions, procedures and staff contributed to negative attitudes toward the field. For instance, the graphic and grotesque image of widely-administered ECT procedures is said to have cultivated greater public opposition to technique. The portrayal is simultaneously informed by current public attitudes, such as the 1970s emphasis on individuality and freedom from oppression, which was represented by McMurphys heroic rebellion against a repressive system. Andersons article takes this dynamic relationship a step further, contending that the media is not a one-way directional pressure that molds public opinion; the audience plays an integral role in interpreting and applying meaning to representations. In considering Cuckoos Nest sociological role in informing culture about mental illness by both capturing and shaping public opinion, this article provides a framework for analysis by identifying and explaining the factors that influence attitudes. Oscar Goes Cuckoo This Entertainment Weekly editorial piece describes how a rebel star, a ragtag cast, and a novice crew produced One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, which swept the top five categories at the Academy Awards. The article plots the path of the films production, from conception to release, charting the obstacles along the way. Kirk Douglas acquired purchase rights from Keseys 1962 novel and scrambled to get Hollywood interested. Facing many hardships, he had almost given up on turning it into a movie by the end of the 1960s, despite the books huge success. A central component of the article focuses on filmmakers concerns over making a commercially appealing movie; they were concerned the subject matter was too depressing and grappled with changes from the novel, such as having Billy not commit suicide or McMurphy not choke Nurse Ratched. The article is highly relevant and informative to a study of the film because it describes the hurdles of adaptation and production that resulted in one of Hollywoods greatest success stories. The discussion of the writing and filming process provides many insights into catering to public perception of mental illness and the difficulties of adaptation, which often faces the demanding task of staying in sense true to the original novel while taking into account the demands of translating a story into cinematic form. The final product reflects a number of changes. They include removing Chief Bromden as the storys subjective narrator, cutting out Cheswicks suicide and changing McMurphys sexual recounts from describing being seduced by a nine-year-old to a fifteen-year-old. These changes seem to serve the purpose of making the film less complex and more palatable to the wider audience the producers wanted to attract and the moves were clearly successful given its box office sales and critical acclaim. That said, the novels author was certainly upset over the changes, which he contented detrimentally altered his work. This article serves as a clear-cut but informative portrait of the adaptation process and the difficulty of earning profit and popular appeal from complex and potentially upsetting subject matter. Screen Memories: Towards a History of Psychiatry and Psychoanalysis in the Movies Michael Shortland argues that the 1970s and 1980s saw the cinema adopt a more critical and antagonist stance towards psychiatry, of which One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest is a memorable example. His discourse focus on Snake Pit and Freud. Snake Pit, which sought to provide a realistic depiction of life in an insane asylum, sparked debate about Britains asylum conditions. Shortland conjectures that through the 1950s, film figured psychoanalysis and psychiatry as compassionate and effective resources that were routine parts of daily life. It also discusses the incorporation of the Freudian image into cinema, notably through Freud, in a discussion of for truth of portrayal and how that impacts public perception of mental health care. Shortland finds that the early depiction concurs with public opinion of holding psychiatry and its practitioner in high regard, but with little faith in the techniques used in mental hospitals. These studies are relevant to a study of Cuckoos Nest, which features generally negative images of mental institution staff and procedures, because it provides a history and methods of analyzing how cinematic portrayal affects public perception. The film plays an important role in American culture because it both reflects and informs public attitudes toward mental illness and care. Looking at the way these issues have previously been captured by Hollywood grounds an analysis of Cuckoos Nests influence, so that the film can be compared to the predecessors that put mental illness on the cinematic map. Teaching Medical Sociology through Film: Theoretical Perspectives and Practical Tools This instructional article outlines methods for teaching medical sociology by using feature films as case studies. Pescosolidos goal is to have students move away from a dualistic perspective and adopt a more multidisciplinary approach that understands its own limits. He contends that this goal can be achieved through active class participation, which in larger classes, can use feature films because they cater to students high visual literacy. The central challenge of teaching medical sociology is having students develop awareness of the broader social factors that create conditions that expose individuals to health risks and to variation in treatment and outcome. They can achieve this by connecting what happens to individuals with what happens to characters and events of larger society. Pescosolido uses mental illness as one example that illustrates the approach, citing One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest as an engaging and effective example. Additionally, the articles appendix provides a list of relevant films on medical related subjects. Relevant to a study of One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest is Pescosolidos description of the clash between the notion that crazy behavior is socially defined and the biomedical models capacity to diagnose and treat disease. These approaches are very apparent in Formans portrayal of characters and situations. Social pressures such as feelings of incompetence and emasculating female figures seem to shape many of the patients dysfunctions. At the same time, the intent of the hospital is to ameliorate their conditions with drugs and surgery a manifestation of these two views. Directly relating to the film is the articles reference of it as an efficient and effective tool for teaching mental illness. Pescodildo describes that Nurse Ratched represents a symbol of medical authority and the rigidity of treatment in state institutions. Drawing connections between the two seemingly divided views of mental illness, the film suggests the use of lobotomy as social control rather than treatment. The article paints an important union between these two extremes and provides insight into how they function cooperatively to create a powerful image of the mental health system. That the patients illnesses are to varying levels caused by social forces issues a strong statement against certain mental health practices. The films impact on public attitudes is largely derived from its representation of graphic procedures like lobotomies and ECTS, which are then seemingly used for purposes of cruelty and social control rather than therapy. Through this extension, Pescodildos proposal on an effective teaching strategy provides insight into characterization and representation in Cuckoos Nest. Furthermore, it speaks to how those depictions influence and reflect public knowledge about and attitudes toward the causes and treatments of mental illness. The Breasts of Big Nurse: Satire versus Narrative in Keseys One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest This article discusses Nurse Ratcheds dual role of victim and victimizer, arguing that although the character is often forced into a particular genre that minimizes her complexities, she is best decoded through a reading of the book as an allegorical satire. Drawing parallels from many prior critics treatments of the character, Gefin points out the weaknesses of their propositions. He argues that conflict between satire and narrative is best observed at the character level and lays out the divergent aims and achievements of the two concepts: satire demands unified cardboard characters while narrative produces heterogeneous, decentered personalities. Gefin contends that Keseys satirical intensions are constantly qualified if not undermined by his own fairly sophisticated narrative strategies. The function of the breasts of big nurse serve this same dual purpose, contrasting the machine-like inhumanness that compels Nurse Ratched to conceal herself in a stiff uniform and their indication of the Destructive or Bar Mother. Further, Gefin posits Candy as Big Nurses counter-image, connecting the supposedly free yet submissive female with the asexual ball-cutter at the precise anatomical point of male obsession, fear and desire: the breast. Based on this analysis, Gefin contends that Forman is wrong in defending his portrayal of Nurse Ratched as more humanized in contrast to the one-dimensional monster of the novel because her textual form is multi-faceted and far from flat. Gefins literary analysis informs the adaptation process, providing information into how a character is transformed in the transition from page to screen. This insight is especially pertinent given the controversy over the film version Cuckoos Nest be ing offensively altered from its original form. The fuel for this disagreement is clear through critique that the novels version of Nurse Ratched is not in fact one-dimensional but multifaceted and purposeful, serving as a role in satire and narrative development. This articles biggest contribution to a discussion of the film is the insight it offers about how Forman might have tried to depict Big Nurse as multi-faceted and complex, since he evidently saw her in novel form as flat. His efforts are evident in the movie, which approaches her from compound angles. For instance, focusing on stern glares and a crisp white uniform shows her as emotionless and cruel, while her calm and measured tone hints to internal turmoil of the narrative sense. The Image of the Nurse in Motion Pictures The Image of the Nurse in Motion Pictures analyzes the changing portrayal of nurses in film over time, with the intent of connecting the rise in fall of the image of nursing to adverse perceptions of the profession by patients and policy-makers and inhibition of nurses themselves. Though that is its primary purpose, the study relates to Cuckoos Nest by delineating conventional portrayals of nurses in film, which provides a foundation to understand the contrast that makes Louise Fletchers character so unique and powerful. The articles authors evaluated 204 English-speaking motion pictures released between 1930 and 1979 that focused on nurses or nursing, analyzing them quantitatively and qualitatively because Hollywood films help shape attitudes towards what is acceptable in contemporary life. The study was published in The American Journal of Nursing in 1982, a time when the authors perceived a current negative image of the nurse in motion pictures. The study found that while most Hollywood nurses chose the profession for altruistic motives and viewed their careers positively, 3. 4 percent demonstrated a clear dislike of the profession and a substantial number demonstrated an ambiguous attitude. The authors concluded that positive portrayal of nurses reached its peak at the height of World War II, but a dramatic decline began in the 1960s and intensified through the 1970s. The findings of this study provide insight into the intent of Formans portrayal of Nurse Ratched and the other staff members. One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nests image of the malevolent Nurse Ratched is a far cry from traditional soft-spoken, sugar-sweet females a contrast that illustrates the narratives sharp divide between two categories of women: ball-cutters and whores. The portrayal of Nurse Ratched introduced to the image a propensity toward malevolence and sadistic personality heretofore only occurring in rare and limited instances. It explains that what makes her so effective and frightening is that her exterior facade is one of rationality and compassion, but her actions belie her appearance. This studys contrast with other cinematic portrayals allows viewers to gain a deeper understanding of Nurse Ratched and the power of her role in Cuckoos Nest. It also shows how Formans representation both reflects and informs public opinion on nurses, a pertinent component of any argument about the films impact on American culture or its role in depicting mental illness on screen. http://tags. library. upenn. edu/project/26961

Definition and Examples of Root Words in English

Definition and Examples of Root Words in English In English grammar and morphology, a root is a  word or word element (in other words, a morpheme) from which other words grow, usually through the addition of prefixes and suffixes. Also called a root word. In  Greek and Latin Roots  (2008), T.  Rasinski et al.  define root as a semantic unit.  This simply means that a root is a word part that means something. It is a group of letters with meaning. Etymology From the Old English, rootExamples and Observations Latin is the most common source of English root words; Greek and Old English are the two other major sources.Some  root words are  whole words and others are word parts. Some root words have become free morphemes and can be used as separate words, but others cannot. For instance, cent comes from the Latin root word centum, meaning hundred. English treats the word as a root word that can be used independently and in combination with affixes, as in century, bicentennial  and centipede. The words cosmopolitan, cosmic and microcosm come from the Greek root word kosmos, meaning universe; cosmos is also an independent root word in English. (Gail Tompkins, Rod Campbell, David Green, and Carol Smith,  Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach. Pearson Australia, 2015) Free Morphs and Bound Morphs Because a root tells us more about the meaning of a word than anything else, the first thing we ask about a complex word is often: What is its root? Often a complex word has more than one root, as in blackbird. . . .In our native and nativized vocabulary, roots can usually appear as independent words, for which reason they are called free morphs. This makes it particularly easy to find the roots of words like black-bird, re-fresh, and book-ish-ness. In Latin and Greek, roots most often do not occur as separate words: they are bound morphs, meaning they can only appear when tied to other components. For example, the root of concurrent is curr run. which is not an independent word in English or even in Latin.(Keith Denning, Brett Kessler, and William R. Leben. English Vocabulary Elements, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2007) Roots and Lexical Categories Complex words typically consist of a root morpheme and one or more affixes. The root constitutes the core of the word and carries the major component of its meaning. Roots typically belong to a lexical category, such as noun, verb, adjective, or preposition. . . . Unlike roots, affixes do not belong to a lexical category and are always bound morphemes. For example, the affix -er is a bound morpheme that combines with a verb such as teach, giving a noun with the meaning one who teaches.(William OGrady, et al., Contemporary Linguistics: An Introduction, 4th ed. Bedford/St. Martins, 2001) Simple and Complex Words [M]orphologically simple words, which contain only a single root morpheme, may be compared to morphologically complex words which contain at least one free morpheme and any number of bound morphemes. Thus, a word like desire may be defined as a root morpheme constituting a single word. Desirable, by contrast, is complex, combining a root morpheme with the bound morpheme -able. More complex again is undesirability which comprises one root and three bound morphemes: undesireableity. Notice also how, in complex words of this sort, the spelling of the root may be altered to conform to the bound morphemes around it. Thus, desire becomes desir- while beauty will be transformed into beauti- in the formation of beautiful and of the increasingly complex beautician. (Paul Simpson, Language Through Literature: An Introduction. Routledge, 1997) Pronunciation: ROOT Also Known As: base, stem

Market Based Approaches for Controlling Space Mission Costs

Market Based Approaches for Controlling Space Mission Costs Introduction There are several approaches that have been used from time to time in planetary missions. These approaches have either been market based or non-market based approaches. Market based approach is what we seek to address and discuss in our paper. This paper seeks to discuss different projects that have been carried out, identify problems that might have been encountered, give an analysis of each of this project, its schedule and the risks involved.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Market Based Approaches for Controlling Space Mission Costs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In essence, the paper discusses and analyses the processes of management applied on NASA’s Cassini mission to Saturn. Cassini was first launched in October 15, 1997 as an international mission to explore planet Saturn. This mission was unique in the sense that the science team was allocated a whole science instrument resource (Randii and Porter, 245). The market based approach system majorly uses currency as a way of showing demand for a limited resource. The currency is used in exchange for a desired commodity. This approach has been preferred for ages. Its first successful venture was done in 1992. It was tried out on the Cassini mission to Saturn. The market based approach system involves creating an economy by defining 3 quantities (Arrow, 944). These quantities are: Currency and its use. Resources to be allocated. The rules for making and keeping track of trades Background Instrument development for planetary missions begins with the acceptance of proposals from many investigators to build and operate instruments for a specific mission. Companies and organizations running projects assign resources like data rate, mass, power, and money to the identified investigating organisations and groups depending on whether their missions are approved based on their proposals. These supporting officials also have to take into consideration the mission constraints. They do it by going into details of previous missions, their successes and failures. However, most previous missions had a recurring trend of going past their resource allocation. This creates a burden and a constraint on the officials when it comes to allocating resources to new ventures and investigators. Initially, missions were organized by committee driven processes in carrying out their scientific planning. These were also referred to as serial dictator processes. In this approach, there is the introduction of an impartial third party who is brought in to help allocate resources among the different users. This was done in order to ensure full impartiality.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Projects There are two major projects outlined: a) The Light SAR science planning project. b) Space shuttle manifests of sec ondary payloads. Even though the Cassini project was successful, it had its share of problems and shortfalls just like any other venture. It lacked connection between the development and the operational phase of the mission. Due to the limited allocation of resources with no reserves, if any instrument developed a problem while the rest of the system’s instruments were already built, there were no attractions or incentives for other investigators to assist the constrained investigation. This was because LOA had put guidelines that remaining resources would be ploughed back into the investigation after the delivery by the flight model, which more often than not was too late to be of any use to the failed investigation. This has however been addressed and there has been a recommendation that in any future missions using the same system, a mechanism has to be put in place that combines the development and operational phases of the mission. Project’s success Despite a few problems, the Cassini project was immensely successful and had a great influence and change on the resource used by science instrument teams (Ruskin, 46). The trends in trade changed dramatically as many of them were able to save on instruments. There was also caution on the management of mass unlike in previous phases where people had reserves and yet didn’t have any left-over’s. Two factors that brought about this were that the investigators were more cautious in managing their mass allocation and also the official also did a good job in managing the spacecraft’s mass(Satterthwaite and Sonnenschein, 184).This new method also encouraged sharing of resources between different investigators. This resulted in saving time and resources. Risks Involved One of the greatest risks involved was going into the mission without the usual resource reserves like many earlier investigations. They did so because there is no one time a spacecraft was launched and came back with out using all its reserves, meaning that all of them developed problems while on tour and required extra resources hence using all the reserves (Tullock et al, 123).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Market Based Approaches for Controlling Space Mission Costs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In our context, there is allocation of minimum resources and one can only be careful as to manage them properly and ensure that there are no problems. Mitigation One of the most notable methods of mitigation in Cassini’s market based approach was that the duration of investigation was recommended to the minimum time required rather than the maximum time that the investigators deemed enough to accomplish a given investigation. This reduced the risks of developing problems while in the investigation by taking longer durations. Arrow, K.Uncertainty and The Welfare Economics of Medical Care.USA: American Economic Review, 1963. Print. Randii, W. and Porter, D. Management Approach for Allocating Instrument Development Resources. USA: Space Policy, August, 1998.Print. Ruskin, A.What Every Engineer Should Know About Project Management. New York, USA: M Dekker, 1982.Print. Satterthwaite, M. and Sonnenschein H.Strategy-Proof Allocation Mechanism  Differential Points.USA: Review of Economic Studies, 1981.Print. Tullock et al.Efficient Rent Seeking In. Toward a Theory of the Rent-Seeking  Society. College Station, Texas, USA: AM Univ. Press, 1980.Print.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Film - Essay Example Strangelove to directly confront many of the most dangerously held beliefs of its American audiences is not only that it does so in comic manner, but that the form of comedy is muted. In fact, future generations could well be forgiven for reading the film as a straight drama. Every scene in Dr. Strangelove is filmed and edited and acted with the utmost seriousness. Despite being one of the funniest movies ever made, actors are not allowed to give in to the temptation either foreshadow the joke or even deliver a "punch line." Despite the fact that the eminently talented physical comedian Peter Sellers stars in three different roles, he is never allowed to mug for the camera. In other words, Dr. Strangelove is a comedy, but it is a comedy based on dramatic irony. One need only watch the far more earnest film that broaches almost exactly the same plot, Fail-Safe, to see how important this approach has been to making Dr. Strangelove a classic, while relegating the dramatic interpretation to merely being a great, but little-known movie. It may only have been possible to fully explore the true extent of the nuclear nightmare through the distancing that comedy naturally allows, but Stanley Kubrick wisely chose not to make anyone in the movie to act as though th ey were making a c comedy. One of the brilliant elements of Dr.